Pteridophyta in the broad interpretation of the term are. In terms of duration in the life cycle the gametophyte is insignificant. Bryophytes are known as the amphibians of plant kingdom since water is essential for the completion of their life cycle. Bryophytes and seedless vascular plants except ferns. In the bryophytes, these units are the mosses, hepatics, and anthocerotes. The evolution and diversification of epiphytic ferns pdf phd thesis. Sori occur on the sporophyte generation, the sporangia within producing haploid meiospores. In this respect pteridophytes are totally different from bryophytes. The photosynthesis is restricted to leaves which are provided. Sporophyte evolution one of the most important innovations of early bryophytes was a multicellular sporophyte fig. Classification of pteridophytes for a long time the division pteridophyta includedthe ferns, lycopods and horsetails. Note the very long stalk or seta and bulbous foot which anchors the sporophyte into the gametophyte tissue. Diversification of form occurs at each organizational level, producing distinct morphological units.
A pteridophyte is a vascular plant that disperses spores. This pdf version does not have an isbn or issn and is not therefore effectively published melbourne code, art. For example, for dna replication, i could stand beside a copy machine and hold up two identical sheets of paper. A linear sequence of extant families and genera of lycophytes and ferns pdf. Given the basal position of these plants in embryophyte phylogeny, 24, 27 to consider this sporophyte less complex than those of pteridophytes is an oversimplification. Bryophyte vs pteridophyte difference and comparison diffen. There are two theories regarding evolution of bryophytes. Pteridophytes are seedless and they procreate through spores. The printed version, however, was effectively published on 6 june 20.
Though most pteridophytes are homosporus producing spores of the same size and of no particular gender, some species are heterosporus which means they produce spores of different sizes and. A few pteridophytes are aquatic while still others are epiphytes. The sporophyte of the pteridophyte produces spores inside the sporangia after meiosis. Sporophyte is differentiated into stem, leaves and roots. At the time of sporogenesis the reduction division takes place and the haploid spores are formed which represent the first stage of the gametophyte generation. Like the sporophytes of seed plants, those of ferns consist of stems, leaves. Most pteridophytes are terrestrial plants and thrive well in abundant moisture and shade while some flourish well in open, dry situations especially in xeric conditions.
They are psilopsida, psilotopsida, lycopsida, sphenopsida, pteropsida and progymnospermopsida. Spermatophyte vs pteridophyte whats the difference. The kingdom plantae is one of the most widespread kingdoms with over 300,000 different species. Tippo 1942 considered tracheophyta to include pteridophytes and spermatophytes. Useful notes on alternation of generations of pteridophytes. The sporogonium is very delicate, shortlived and nutritionally dependent on its gametophyte. Sporophytic plant body the main independent plant body is sporophyte. Pteridophytes or pteridophyta are vascular plants plants with xylem and phloem that reproduce and disperse via spores. Pdf difference between bryophytes and pteridophytes. I need to take a picture of a sporophytegametophyte or a tangible representation of it. The bryophytes includes three groups of plants such as liverworts, hornworts and mosses. What is one evolutionary advantage pteridophytes have over. Instead, the water and minerals flow from the surface of the plant cell to cell in the plants body. Jan 23, 2017 some pteridophytes are aquatic marselia, azolla and some are epiphytes ophioglossum pendulum.
Which of the following statements best describes the role of structure c in the nervous system. Read the introductory remarks and list of characteristics of the bryophytes p. A sporophyte develops from an egg, held within a flasklike archegonium, that has been fertilized and theres more about that process in the sexual reproduction page the fertilized egg grows by. It develops from the zygote produced when a haploid egg cell is fertilized by a haploid sperm and each sporophyte cell therefore has a double set of chromosomes, one set from each parent. In pteridophytes, gametes are produced via mitosis from special cells of the gametophyte. Most pteridophytes are terrestrial and grow in moist and shady places while some flourish well in open, dry places especially in xeric conditions. Reproductive biology of pteridophytes springerlink. The sporophyte 1 produces a terminal strobilus of sporangiophores 2. Examine a living or preserved specimen of a moss sporophyte 2n. Evolution of sporophytes and gametophytes in bryophytes. A fern polypodiopsida or polypodiophyta is a member of a group of vascular plants that.
First, meiosis must be delayed in the zygote, which, as you recall, is retained on the parent gametophyte in land plant ancestors. The pteridophytes are an economically important group of plants. An appraisal and conservation strategies for the pteridophytes of. The current trends in the subject are explained in a simple, lucid and understandablewriting style. Pteridophyta sporophytes always start their life from an embryo located on the gametophyte. However, they do not form a monophyletic group because ferns are more closely related to seed plants than to lycophytes. It consists of a more or less dorsi ventral leafy shoot fig. Pteridophytes introduction, authors and addresses, systematic list, glossary, and key to tribes. Publication date 1962 topics pteridophyta, botany morphology publisher. These organs possess well differentiated vascular tissues. The cells in the plant body of pteridophytes are diploid. Pteridophyta are mainly terrestrial forms but a few are aquatic also,e. Sporangia are produced in groups sori on sporophylls.
Bryophytes have no true roots while pteridophyte have true roots. The vascular tissue is confined to the central region of the stem forming the. A pteridophyte is a vascular plant with xylem and phloem that disperses spores. The sporophyte of pteridophyta possesses welldeveloped vascular tissue consisting of both xylem and phloem. In xylem, trachea vessels absent and, in phloem companion cells absent.
At the top of the stalk is the capsule or sporangium which may be covered by a. As nouns the difference between spermatophyte and pteridophyte is that spermatophyte is botany any plant that bears seeds rather than spores while pteridophyte is any plant of the division pteridophyta, of simple vascular plants that reproduce via spores rather than seeds and that alternate generations of diploid sporophyte and haploid gametophyte or prothallus forms, the diploid. Examples of pteridophytes include ferns, horsetails, clubmosses, spikemosses and quillworts. In many species, they are protected by an umbrellalike cover called the indusium. Heterosporous megaspores important in species identifications and gametophyte development is endosporic. The cells in the plant body of bryophytes are haploid. The conspicuous plant is the sporophyte or nonsexual generation. In bryophytes, antheridium is stacked while in pteridophytes, it is sessile.
Structure c is the basic cellular unit of the nervous system b. Roots are provided with permanent growing point and can grow in length indefinitely. Bryophytes vs pteridophytes similarities and difference between bryophytes and pteridophytes bryophytes are most primitive land plants predominantly grow in moist and shaded places. International research botany group 2017 international botany project international research botany group international botany project non profit research institute research service botanical team recycled paper free for members of international equisetological association. The alternation of generations allows a haploid gametophyte to mature into a diploid sporophyte. Spores developed in sporangia are homosporous or heterosporous. Sporophyte is the dominant plant body while gametophyte is a small, simple prothallus. Origin and evolution of sporophyte in bryophytes ch09 life sciences, botany, zoology, bioscience. Types of stele and its evolution in pteridophytes duration. The sporangia develop either on the ventral surface of leaves as in. The evolution of the species under the plant kingdom is based on their adaptability to terrestrial environments. Because they produce neither flowers nor seeds, they are referred to as cryptogams. Fertilization of one egg is suff icient to trigger the development of a seed.
The different species of selaginella are grown as the garden plants. Which is larger in pteridophytes, the sporophyte or the gametophyte. Pteridophytes differ from bryophytes in that the sporophyte is branched and generally much larger and more conspicuous, and from seed plants in. The fertilized egg grows by the formation of additional cells. First, meiosis must be delayed in the zygote, which, as you recall, is. Pteridophytes are the most advanced seedless group true leaves with branched veins sporophyte is dominant. Origin and evolution of sporophyte in bryophytes youtube.
If i cant get an actual picture of the term, then i need to do something like that for these as well. Later on fertilization takes place and a zygote is produced which. Pteridophyta, ferns and allies, have approximately 12000 species and six classes. It is the dominant generation and what we recongnize as ferns, clubmosses, et cetera. Two simple steps can account for the evolution of this new structure. Other pteridophytes hold their spores along their stems or on nongreen areas known as sporophylls. The vegetative plant body is a sporophyte in pteridophytes. A few pteridophytes are aquatic while still others are. A concept based exclusive material pteridophytes, gymnosperms.
There is a regular feature of alternation of generations. Chapter 22 bryophytes university of california, davis. Following syngamy 8, the embryonic sporophyte 9 emerges from the archaegonium. Some of the characters of pteridophytes are as follows. The modern classification of pteridophytes have been suggested by many scientist according to the sporne1975 pteridophytes have been classified into six classes. They are both land plants embryophytes, with all the features that come with that. It is noteworthy that some authors raised the theoretical possibility that bryophytes derived from basal pteridophytes as a simplified form of their more complicate sporophyte structure. Pteridophyta is thus no longer a widely accepted taxon, but the term pteridophyte remains in common parla. The plant body represents the sporophyte and is differentiated into root,stem,and leaves. The reasons for the predominance of the sporophyte in the life cycle are not far to seek. The body of the sporophyte is well differentiated into roots, stem and leaves.
As with all plants, in pteridophytes, meiosis is sporic, meaning that cells of the sporophyte undergo meiosis and generate spores that then develop into the gametophyte via mitosis. The sporophyte is the conspicuous and familiar plant body. The sporophyte is much larger and longer lived than the gametophyte. Gymnosperm, angiosperm, sporophyte, gametophyte, bryophyte. Because pteridophytes produce neither flowers nor seeds, they are sometimes referred to as cryptogams, meaning that their means of reproduction is hidden. Sphenophyta, pterophyta from biol 9 at the university of hong kong. Pteridophyta is designed to fulfill the needs of undergraduate and postgraduate students of botany.
Pine seeds contain an embryo sporophyte, stored food in the form of megagametophyte tissue, and a seed coat. Difference between bryophytes pteridophytes and gymnosperms. Nevertheless the sporophyte is the predominant generation. Mar 23, 2018 the pteridophytes are an economically important group of plants. International research botany group 2017 international. The physiological resilience of fern sporophytes and gametophytes. They are preserved in the form of fossils or coal deposits. Difference between bryophytes and pteridophytes plant. In addition, in pteridophytes, the gametophyte is often very thin and can be unistratose, especially at the margins yatskievych, 2003. The pteridophytes occupy an intermediate position between the bryophytes and gymnosperms. Occurrence and evolution of pteridophytes biology boom. Pteridophyta in the broad interpretation of the term are vascular plants that reproduce via spores. Classification of pteridophyta linkedin slideshare. A sporophyte develops from an egg, held within a flasklike archegonium, that has been fertilized and theres more about that process in the sexual reproduction page.
Some pteridophytes are aquatic and some are epiphytes. Furthermore, in hymenophyllous ferns, the sporophyte is. The sporophyte of birds nest fern asplenium nidus, showing broad leaves with linear. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Ferns, horsetails, and lycophytes are all pteridophytes.
They dont have conducting tissues for transportation of water and minerals. Plants are differentiated into true roots, stem and leaves. Pteridophytes ferns and lycophytes are freesporing vascular plants that have a life cycle with alternating, freeliving gametophyte and sporophyte phases that are independent at maturity. The function of the seed is to protect and disperse the next generation away from the parent plant, in both space and time. Plants are eukaryotic, multicellular, autotrophic organisms that are capable of photosynthesizing. Evolution of bryophytes according to these theories the evolution in bryophytes is as follows. Apr 30, 2016 they are both land plants embryophytes, with all the features that come with that. Lycopsida lycopodium, selagnella, sphenopsida equisetum, psilopsida psilotum, and filicopsida ferns bryophytes vs pteridophytes. It is often overlooked that pteridophytes ferns encompass at least 10,000 species making them the most diverse lineage next to angiosperms. In bryophytes, the neck of archegonium is with 5 to 6 neck canal cells. On the basis of their anatomy jeffrey in 1902 divided the vascular plants into two types or stocks. The sporophyte of bryophytes is called sporogonium which generally consists of a single, terminal sporangium monosporangiate with a bulbous foot and with or without an unbranched stalk or seta. In pteridophytes, sporophyte and gametophyte are separated from each other.
The appearance of true water and foodconducting tissues in pteridophytes represented an event of enormous consequences for the evolution of land plant sporophyte. The pteridophytes are found in cool, damp, shady places though some may flourish well in sandy soil conditions. All land plants, and most multicellular algae, have life cycles in which a multicellular. In pteridophytes, the main plant body is a sporophyte which is differentiated into true root, stem and leaves. Spores develop in sporangia are homosporous or heterosporous. Difference between bryophytes and pteridophytes plant kingdom. Some pteridophytes are aquatic marselia, azolla and some are epiphytes ophioglossum pendulum. Oct 10, 2017 key difference bryophytes vs pteridophytes vs gymnosperms. Pteridophyta characteristics, life cycle, classification. Difference between bryophytes and pteridophytes difference wiki. Haploid or gametophytic phase is longer lived while sporophyte phase is shorter lived. The dominant phase in bryophyte is gametophyte while the dominant phase in pteridophyte is sporophyte. In bryophytes, sporophyte and gametophyte are connected with each other physically.
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